.
Chapter 7 Outline
Page 1
I.
Objectives
Page 2
II. Clinical Case
Study
Page 3
A.
Diagnosis
Page 4
III.
Anatomy
of the Adrenal Glands
Page 5
A. Functional
Zonation
Page 6
B.
Steroidogenic
Pathways
[Question]
IV. Regulation and Action of Adrenocorticoids
Page 7
A.
Role
of ACTH
[Question]
Page 8
1. Diurnal Rhythm of ACTH
Release
Page 9
2. Regulation of ACTH Release by
Stress
Page 10
B.
Adrenal
Steroid Hormones in Blood
[Question]
Page 11
C. Metabolism and Excretion of
Adrenocortical
Hormones
Page 12
D. Regulation of
Glucocorticoid
Secretion
Page 13
E. Biological
Actions
of Glucocorticoids
[Question]
Page 14
1.
Intermediary
Metabolism
Page 15
2.
Carbohydrate
Metabolism
Page 16
3.
Protein
Metabolism
Page 17
4.
Fat
Metabolism
Page 18
5. Circulatory
Actions
Page 19
6. Inflammatory and
Immune
Responses
Page 20
7.
Cortisol
Action in Inflammation
Page 21
8. CNS
Effects
Page 22
9.
Developmental
Effects
Page 23
10. Features of Cortisol
Deficiency
Page 24
11.
Features
of Cortisol Excess
Page 25
G. Regulation of Mineralocorticoid
Secretion
[Question]
Page 26
1.
Minor
Regulators of Aldosterone Secretion
Page 27
2. Aldosterone
Action
Page 28
3.
Aldosterone
Escape
Page 29
4.
Extrarenal
Effects of Aldosterone
Page 30
H. Androgen Secretion by the Adrenal
Cortex
Page 31
I.
Steroidogenesis
[Question]
Page 32
1. Basic Steroidogenic
Pathway
Page 33
2. Some
Rules
of Nomenclature for Steroids
Page 34
3. Steroid
Hormone
Biosynthesis
Page 35
4. Pregnenolone: The Common
Precursor
for Steroid Hormones
Page 36
5. Physiologically Important Adrenocortical Hormones: the
Twenty-one
Carbon Series
Page 37
6. Physiologically Important Adrenocortical Hormones: the
Nineteen
Carbon Series
Page 38
7. Physiologically Important Adrenocortical Hormones: the
Eighteen
Carbon Series
Page 39
J. Congenital
Adrenal
Hyperplasia
[Question]
Page 40
1. Cholesterol Side-Chain
Cleavage
Page 41
2.
3
-Hydrosteroid Dehydrogenase
Page 42
3.
17
-Hydroxylase
Page 43
4.
21-Hydroxylase
Page 44
5.
11
-Hydroxylase
Page 45
K. Adrenal
Medulla
: Introduction
[Question]
Page 46
1. Biosynthesis of the
Catecholamines
Page 47
2.
Mechanism
of Catecholamine Action
Page 48
3. Storage and Release of
Epinephrine
Page 49
4.
Metabolism
of Catecholamines
Page 50
5. Physiological Actions of
Medullary
Hormones
Page 51
6.
Regulation
of Adrenal Medullary Function
Page 52
IV.
References
and Acknowledgements